Any metal of ionic radius above the size of boron and carbon may not be suitable for being substituted (figure 6) during its structural rearrangement and carbon displacement. Comparison of the Atomic Density of Low-Ab vs. Following the systems hitherto used for such studies and ensuing abovementioned reaction sequences that occur during hot-pressing, sintering and post-sintering stages, there is probably a correlation between ionic radius of the metal and the ease of its substitution into the BC crystal lattice (figure 5). Open this file in either Vesta or CrystalMaker, SCREEN CAPTURE the unit cell structure (this is the default drawing in both programs) and copy this drawing below: 11 4. Upon reviewing several dopants investigated so far in order to improve B C’s impact fragility it is interesting to point out that some dopants can improve B C’s fracture property at a very low addition level, whereas many dopants are not so effective or only active at a higher usage level only. mentioned above, it is very important to consider while using metal carbides, spending a proportional amount of elemental boron is always favorable as it can convert carbides to borides and it can also recombine with the released carbon to form BC, which can enhance the kinetics of metal substitution into the BC crystal lattice.
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